What defines the belief that chance or outside forces determine one's fate?

The belief that chance or outside forces determine one's fate is characterized as an external locus of control. This concept indicates that individuals with an external locus of control attribute their successes or failures to factors that are beyond their personal control—such as luck, fate, or the influence of others—rather than their own efforts or abilities.

In contrast, those with an internal locus of control believe that they have the power to influence their own outcomes through their actions. This distinction is key for understanding how people perceive the relationship between their actions and the results they experience in life. The other options mentioned, like hierarchy culture and market culture, pertain more to organizational structures and business strategies rather than individual psychological orientations regarding control.