What does the Attraction-Selection-Attrition (A-S-A) theory explain?

Attraction-Selection-Attrition (A-S-A) theory explains how individuals and organizations interact based on their similarities. This theory posits that individuals are attracted to organizations that reflect their own values, interests, and personalities. Once in the organization, the selection process further reinforces this dynamic, as organizations tend to prefer candidates whose traits align with their culture and needs. Additionally, attrition occurs when individuals who do not fit in with the organization’s culture or who do not resonate with its values decide to leave or are removed from the organization. Therefore, over time, organizations become homogenous in terms of values and characteristics, which shapes their culture.

The focus on the alignment of values and characteristics helps clarify why hiring and retention practices result in a workforce that shares common traits. This underlying principle emphasizes the importance of organizational culture and the fit between employees and their workplaces.